The federal prosecutor's office alleged that the striker committed the crimes between 2006, when he was just a promising youngster at Brazilian football club Santos, and 2013, when he signed for Barcelona.
FC Barcelona also faces a separate case in Spain, where Brazilian investment fund DIS has made allegations of fraud and corruption relating to Neymar's signing in 2013.
Neymar gave testimony in that case at Spain's National Court earlier Tuesday, though formal charges have not yet been brought over those allegations.
He has consistently denied any wrongdoing.
DIS held 40 per cent of the 23-year-old's sporting rights when he played at Santos, and has claimed it was cheated of its real share of the transfer due to parallel contracts that Barcelona and Santos allegedly used to hide the total cost.
The transfer deal was originally valued at 57.1 million euros ($43.3 million) by Barca.
But Spanish judicial authorities have estimated it added up to at least 83.3 million euros - with the difference allegedly going to Neymar and his family, and Santos.
At Barcelona, Neymar is one part of one of the world's most potent football strike forces, alongside Argentine superstar Lionel Messi and Uruguay's Luis Suarez.
But the club has faced numerous legal headaches off the field. Messi himself has been called to stand trial from May 31 for tax fraud in a separate case.
- Telegraph