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The European Union (EU) has launched retaliatory tariffs on US goods as a high official launched a fresh assault on President Donald Trump's commerce coverage.
The duties on €2.8bn (£2.4bn) value of US goods got here into force on Friday.
Tariffs have been imposed on merchandise reminiscent of bourbon whiskey, bikes and orange juice.
European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker stated duties imposed by the United States on the EU go towards "all logic and history".
The Trump administration introduced in March that it could introduce tariffs of 25% on metal and 10% on aluminium imported into the United States.
After being deferred, the duties on metal and aluminium went forward on 1 June and have an effect on the EU, Canada, Mexico and different shut US allies.
Mr Juncker, who has beforehand criticised the transfer, stated on Thursday: "It goes against all logic and history. Our response must be clear but measured."
Addressing the Irish parliament in Dublin, he additionally acknowledged that "we will do what we have to do to rebalance and safeguard" the EU.
The majority of US goods focused by the EU, reminiscent of tobacco, Harley Davidson bikes, cranberries and peanut butter, will now carry a tariff of 25%.
However, the EU has launched a 50% obligation on goods reminiscent of footwear, some varieties of clothes and washing machines.
The new duties have been imposed as tensions over commerce continued to develop between the United States and China.
Earlier this week, Mr Trump threatened to impose 10% duties on an extra $200bn (£150bn) value of Chinese goods which he stated would come into force if China "refuses to change its practices".
However, China accused the United States of an act of "extreme pressure and blackmail" and stated it could reply with "strong countermeasures".